Traditional Method Of Costing Has The Essence Of Dealing With Overheads By Accounting Essay Example For Students

Customary Method Of Costing Has The Essence Of Dealing With Overheads By Accounting Essay Outline1 Abstraction2 Introduction3 Keywords4 Literature Review5 Methodology6 Findingss7 Decision Reflection In ongoing mature ages the universe of bing frameworks have indicated significant advancements in bing procedures, explicitly a significant piece of movement based costing ( ABC ) in manufacture and administrations associations. This review means to put the grounds why movement based costing is liked to customary costing apparatuses in current manufacture condition ; why executives are demoing their associations in the acknowledgment of ABC to better their financial open introduction, administrative and creation effectiveness ; how ABC causes chiefs to stifle creation wasteful aspects ; how ABC encourages adaptative and gainful procurement in associations and the utility of ABC in dealer decision, administration segment and SME s. Conventional estimation strategies for cost bookkeeping demonstrated inadequate on these issues, which prompts the development of movement based costing. Presentation Customary technique for costing has the piece of covering with working costs by separating them into variable working costs and fixed working costs. In the event that we are using absorbing costing, we will chief make up ones psyche the fit balance for absorbing ( for example machine hours or work hours ) , so we will ingest all the working costs on that balance. The conventional costing strategies were planned around 1870-1920. In those yearss industry was work serious, there was no motorization, stock collection was nearly nothing and overhead expenses in associations were all things considered truly low when contrasted with today. Notwithstanding, it changed rapidly from 1960 s unconventionally 1980 s because of the activity of expanded lack of significance of customary cost bookkeeping strategies. Movement Based Costing ( ABC ) depends on the infiltration that exercises make costs, while stocks devour exercises. ABC is a costing strategy that initially distinguishes the significant exercises that offer ascent to overhead expenses, so bunches exercises holding same cost drivers into cost pools and in the long run doles out whole working cost expenses to each product or administration by figuring absorbing rate for each cost pool. So we can express that ABC is a costing strategy where various working cost pools are made on the balance of at least one non-volume related variables. There is a develop of cost pool and cost driver that recognizes ABC from conventional costing. Cost driver can be any calculate that causes adjustment the expense of a movement. Under ABC working cost costs are appointed to stocks on the balance of cause and outcome relationship. Customary frameworks every now and again depend on unusual distributions of backhanded expenses ; curiously they depend broadly on volume-based portions. Volume based exercises are those which have high correlativity with figure of units created. The vast majority of the backhanded expenses are non volume-based. On the off chance that volume-based distributions are utilized high volume stocks are probably going to be appointed with more prominent extent of roundabout expenses than they have devoured, while low volume stocks will be relegated lower extent. It will take to over costing of high volume stocks and under bing of low volume stocks, which will additionally gracefully misleading data. In this way, conventional frameworks neglect to recognize the connection between costs, exercises and stocks by utilizing volume-related overhead absorbing rates just. For Example, an organization created two stocks stock An and stock B. Product A which is a low volume point is created orchestrating to customer details that may request certain exercises, for example, specific innovation, additional testing and any machine apparatuss, though stock B which is a high volume point requests little joining in, no specific exercises and running ceaselessly. In the event that this organization is using conventional costing strategy it will distribute the entirety of its working costs to stocks dependent on figure of machine hours, which will result in the portion of little overhead expense to stock An in light of the fact that it did non hold many machine hours however recover it requested tonss of innovation, demonstrating and arrangement exercises and expenses of these exercises have been overlooked by customary framework. Interestingly, stock B will hold enormous whole of working costs because of every one of those machine hours, however in world it req uested little overhead movement. It will take to misreckoning of each stocks genuine whole expense of creation. ABC conquers this activity by designating working costs on more than one movement. It perceives that specific innovation, demonstrating and machine apparatuss are other than exercises which expend assets of organization, so expenses of assets utilized in those exercises ought to other than be determined and remembered for whole overhead expenses of just those stocks that requested and devoured those exercises. So on the off chance that you need to order your costs, you need to initially order the exercises that cause the expenses to be acquired. ABC may help to put esteem included exercises and non-esteem included exercises, which will help chiefs to order their expenses by stifling non-esteem included exercises or if nothing else cut bringing down figure of cost drivers of non-esteem included exercises. The magnificence of ABC is that it uncovers new limit and help chiefs to stifle those limits so that there would be no product cost twisting. There are two phases of movement bookkeeping. First stage is called Activity-Based Accounting ( ABC ) where it discloses to us how we can better our battle by pull offing our assets all the more quickly. It does non just flexibly precise expenses yet it is an instrument for pull offing costs. Second stage is called Activity-Based Management ( ABM ) which is an of import device for achieving continuous improvement. In ABM, we use data got from ABC to do vital improvements in associations. Chiefs overall accomplish advancements by pull offing exercises in four different ways: Action decline by slice bringing down the clasp required to execute movement. Action riddance by dousing the full movement. Action decision by picking the low-valued movement from set of action choices. Action sharing here executives make such modifications that permit them to divide exercises with different stocks to achieve monetary frameworks of graduated table. It rely upon executive s capacity that how he will use all these four different ways speedily and solidly to achieve key advancements in associations. The most precise expenses under ABC permit bearing to be after more adequately, better nature of cost control and in the end assess executive s open introduction on significant balance. To execute ABC in any association is non a simple endeavor, you need to refresh your movement frameworks as stocks and methodology differentiate. This review means to show that ABC is liked to customary absorbing costing in the cutting edge creation condition since now roundabout expenses establish more noteworthy extent of whole product costs because of product s complex details, far reaching utilization of registering machine control and motorization and expanded use of in the nick of time ( JIT ) creation techniques which will at last better the monetary open introduction of associations. The use of ABC with key assaults like whole quality bearing ( TQM ) , JIT strategies and so on, can do it increasingly utile. ABC is non just after by creating organizations yet now numerous administrations associations are demoing their contribution in the significance of expenses for assurance contriving expectation. At the point when you actualize ABC in your association an adjustment toward the path development ought to occur, executives can suit ABM by using the data gave by ABC to achieve required overall gains. Use of ABC is a crew work and requires a group of labor readiness. Instructors versus mentors EssayGunasekaran, Marri, Grieve ( 1999 ) recommends the use of ABC in SME s. The execution of ABC in SME s can help them in bettering their monetary and non-money related open introduction. It will help to chop down direct work constituents, continuous achievement advancement, reengineering ( P, 390 ) and creating inspirational demeanor of laborers that contributes toward effective execution of tasks ( Sage and Fox 1989 ) . Chan, Keung and Chung ( 2000 ) directed a review to raise an exact assault with the guide of which we can design an ABC templet to use it as an apparatus for simple incorporating in a SME domain. No vulnerability ABC was principal intended to help through the cost course requests of manufacture and mechanical associations however investigates in the blink of an eye understood that they can other than utilize this framework in administrations area. Kaplan ( 1994 ) paperss that since 1980 s numerous houses working in administrations part for example Bankss, hospitals and calculated organizations had just built up their costing framework like ABC. It implies there was other than an interest for ABC like framework in administrations association which tells valid and exact expenses. By executing movement based costing method in English hospitals and British National Health framework ( King et. Al, 1994 ) , to sound and concern exercises of college scene ( Granof, E. Platt, Vaysman, 2000 ) , libraries ( Snyder and Davenport, 1997 ; Ellis-Newman 2003 ) , sport associations ( Dimitropoulos, 2007 ) and for arranging and ordering twenty-four hours medical procedure unit exercises of cl inics ( Antikainen, Roivainen, Hyvarinen, Toivonen, Karr, 2005 ) , houses can simple achieve key points. ABC is probably going to be embraced by bigger houses than littler 1s in view of holding assorted blend stocks or administrations ( Roztocki and M. Schultz, ) . In the event that associations with differing stocks and administrations

The Invisible Man Essay Paper Example For Students

The Invisible Man Essay Paper Griffin Wells goes in incredible insight regarding the way Griffin (the Invisible Man) looks and acts. He expounds on Griffins terrible temper and his underhanded plan of taking cash and food to get by as an imperceptible man. He makes the character, Griffin, reasonable on the grounds that his feelings, such as communicating his outrage through yelling, are something individuals know about. Griffin rushed to outrage by the taking of medications and energizers. What may have started as speedy temper and anxiety transforms into savage fury and a desire to submit murder. Griffins weakening is self-prompted generally, however his distance from his own sort is helped by other people. Dread and strange notion tail him, and it appears to be a guarded system of people to lash out and annihilate the things they fear and don't comprehend. Griffin had been a splendid youthful physicist and specialist, bound and overlooked as a teacher in a little English school. His brightness had driven him to examinations in material science and the properties of light. It is intriguing to see that as his enthusiasm for experimentation and his commitment to unadulterated logical examinations quickened. At the point when he expected cash to propel his investigations in imperceptibility, he took it from his dad. He finds the likelihood to make something imperceptible. He trys it with a feline and it works. So then he made himself undetectable. As an imperceptible man he could take, as much he needed. He is pursued by hounds, chased down in a retail chain, about run over in the lanes, and continually exposed to the inconvenience of introduction and he gets loads of head colds. He is a man trapped in his very own snare making. At that point, obviously, he is deceived by the main individual in whom he set certainty. Griffins end is shocking, however it is the zenith of the awful course he had followed since he previously wandered into the obscure dread of intangibility. We will compose a custom exposition on The Invisible Man Paper explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Mr. Thomas Marvel Griffin meets a man named Marvel and needs him to be his worker. He is frightened and does what Griffin anticipates that him should do from the start, yet when they come to Port Stowe, Marvel tells the barmen at the Jolly Cricketers bar that the undetectable man could be there. Wonder got the cash and the journal of the test agent. He has opened a hotel, and mentions to everyone what has befallen him after that time, when there had been an undetectable man. Furthermore, every Sunday he takes out Griffins notes and says that he wouldnt have done what the analyst did hed simply, well. Kemp He is an old individual understudy of the imperceptible man. He is likewise a man of science. Griffin feels a bond with Kemp in light of the fact that they had gone to a similar college and are the two men of science. Dr. Kemp is practical and, while maybe not the creative virtuoso Griffin is, has kept up a feeling of equalization. Kemp, obviously, is anything but a brutal man, and he rushes to recognize that Griffins temper is a conceivably risky thing. Now Griffin is a potential killer, and the trust and certainty he puts in Kemp just make that specialists selling out of that confidence even more hard to achieve in great soul. Be that as it may, when the imperceptible man comes to him, he thinks he has gone totally distraught and he needs to get free off him. So the imperceptible man pursues Dr. Kemp. Be that as it may, sooner or later the imperceptible man himself in pursued by Kemp. Mrs. Corridor: She is the proprietor of the hotel in Iping Village. She feels distress for the imperceptible man and needs to support him, yet he cannot. After a period she cannot stand the secret any longer. .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 , .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .postImageUrl , .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 , .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635:hover , .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635:visited , .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635:active { border:0!important; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635:active , .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important ; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u26215936741d445f619f589b5f8d7635:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Billy Budd By Herman Melville Analysis EssayTHE INVISIBLE MANby H. G. WellsSettingThe imperceptible man chooses to move to a town called Iping, where he relocates to the Coach and Horses hotel so as to look into. The Halls are the proprietors ofthis hotel. Mrs. Lobby is an exceptionally inquisitive woman and the motivation behind why Griffin shows his imperceptibility. Things create and all occupants of the town become acquainted with that Griffin isinvisible. Where he is pursued. The story happens in the late nineteenth century mid twentieth century. Both the time and spot are significant, in light of the fact that this story couldn't occur today. Towns are too large, individuals appear to be significantly more canny and the city would be a superb spot to cover up. THE INVISIBLE MANby H. G. WellsPlotThis story is about a researcher called Griffin who made a splendid development. Be that as it may, not thinking about the aftereffect of this he is executed by individuals who where frightened of him. From the outset he comes to Iping a little town in England where he needs to remain so as to do look into. Griffin discovered how individuals could get imperceptible and that was one motivation behind why he ventured out from home. He can't get obvious again which will end up being a significant issue of this man. At the point when things build up the individuals of the town discover that Griffin is imperceptible and quickly he is a pursued animal. The imperceptible man meets Dr. Kemp whom he knows very well since they went to a similar college. In any case, Kemp needs him, similar to everyone, to be gotten. Finally the undetectable man is murdered in a battle. Dr. Kemp is something contrary to Griffin. He doesnt imagine things himself. Griffin could never receive a creation of another person. Mrs. Corridor is an extremely inquisitive individual and she is the motivation behind why he indicated his imperceptibility. This sensational completion would not need to be occurred if society had acknowledged the imperceptible man. He simply was an abnormal, not got pariah. He was unique. There are some different issues that make Griffins circumstance terrible. He didnt acknowledge what it intended to be undetectable. He didn't know about the result of his creation. This leads me to the end that researchers are men who can be hazardous. Society has a significant influence in the life of such an individual who is viewed as an outsider by others frequently or pretty much every time society is the explanation behind odd responses of people. THE INVISIBLE MANby H. G. WellsTheme. The most significant subject is social orders numbness. Society is consistently scared of things that they don't comprehend. The explanation they were so terrified o f the imperceptible man was the way that no one could clarify why he was undetectable. The individuals of the town didn't give the man time to disclose what had befallen him; everybody just began to pursue him down. I accept that if the individuals would have been progressively liberal about his imperceptibility that the man probably won't have gotten insane and slaughtered at long last. Society can't manage things that can't be clarified. There was incredulity considerably after the man disappeared and there were observers to it. The numbness of the general public likewise assumed a significant job in helping the undetectable to get frantic. Since the imperceptible man was to some degree an anomaly of nature or science the individuals simply needed him to be gone. They didn't need a clarification. They needed the undetectable man dead. After the individuals drove the undetectable man out of the town he snapped and turned out to be absolutely insane. This is when Griffin would go on his rule of dread and begin executing judicially. The general public could have forestalled the entire catastrophe in the event that they would have been increasingly open and took into consideration a clarification to be drawn out into the open. THE INVISIBLE MANby H. G. WellsEvaluationI anticipated a decent book, in light of the fact that H.G. Wells is an incredible author. My desire worked out as expected, the book is somewhat extraordinary, however it was incredible. The book cannot be practical in light of the fact that no hum an can make himself undetectable. In any case, it would be fun in the event that it tends to be finished. You cannot contrast it and different books, since this is a unique thought. .ufe797faabbe3e06563cfde

Gender Wage Discrimination in Pakistan

| Gender Wage Discrimination in Pakistan| Evidence from Pakistan 2008/09 and 2010/11| | Table of Contents Introduction2 Literature Review2 Methodology3 Variables Used †Characteristics of Workers5 Results7 Discussion7 Bibliography8 Appendix A9 Selectivity Bias Logit Regression Results:9 Introduction This paper investigates the elements of sex wage segregation in Pakistan for two informational collections; Labor Force Survey for the year 2008/09 and 2010/11. We will investigate whether ladies are victimized, as it has been recommended for a transcendently Islamic nation like Pakistan.Labour hypothesis tends to numerous explanations behind pay segregation. For the motivations behind this exploration we will focus on ‘employer wage discrimination’. Following this our examination will be planned for finding if ladies are paid not exactly their male partners particularly with a similar arrangement of qualities. For this reason we will utilize the Oaxaca-Blinder strategy t o ascertain the coefficient for separation across sexual orientations. Writing Review The premise of this paper is the work done by Oaxaca and Blinder in 1973 about pay separation models.In the paper ‘Interpreting the Decomposition of the Gender Earnings Gap’ (Giaimo R. 2007) this strategy has been applied to discover how various attributes change the unfair conduct of managers in Italy. Oaxaca’s strategy for figuring separation was additionally adjusted in the paper ‘Gender Wage Discrimination at Quantiles’ (Javier Gardeazabal 2005), and was utilized to compute segregation coefficients for quintiles. In an investigation directed in India (Tilak 1980), it was discovered that the occurrence of joblessness was higher for ladies than for men with the equivalent characteristics.In this examination the main trademark that was taken was training. This is an alternate point to take a gander at segregation from what this paper will do. Instead of taking a ga nder at the jobless, this paper will see the ladies in the work power and on the off chance that they face separation concerning their wages. Be that as it may, the basic point and furthermore the speculation framed are the equivalent. The paper ‘Wage Differentials and Gender Discrimination: Changes in Sweden 1981-98’ (Mats Johansson 2005) investigated the pay holes among people in Sweden.They found that the compensation hole was 14%-18% during the 1990’s. Their examination additionally demonstrated that this distinction couldn't be clarified by applying the activity prerequisites and capabilities to women’s wage work. The end was that there is without a doubt some different factors other than the qualities of the laborers that decided the wages in the Labor Market. Strategy This paper determined a coefficient for Gender Wage Discrimination from the Oaxaca-Blinder deterioration. D= Xf? m-Bf+ ? m(Xm-Xf) Here ‘? ’ is a vector of qualities of wor kers.Therefore, the initial segment of the condition shows the pay differential among guys and females based on attributes. Second piece of the condition standardizes attributes, for females in this example, and afterward takes away the pay differential dependent on qualities, to give us the general differential dependent on segregation. As a control, we additionally work out the opposite of this Oaxaca Blinder Decomposition as follows; D= Xm? m-Bf+ ? f(Xm-Xf) To control for selectivity inclination, we have additionally utilized the ‘Heckman Procedure’.A multi-variable Logit model was run and three factors (Lambda1, Lambda 2 and Lambda3) were determined to go about as control for factors missed in our model. This separation coefficient has been determined for two informational collections utilizing attributes, for example, age, conjugal status, instruction level, area, district, proficient trainings and status in the family. These qualities have been chosen in the wake of being indicated huge as the determinant of compensation. Normal log of wages was the dependant variable in the accompanying relapse; Table [ 1 ]: Wage Determinants †LFS 2008/09Table [ 2 ]: Wage Determinants †LFS 2010/11 Our outcomes are greatly improved for the informational index of 2010/11. The indications of instruction are normal. For the informational index of 2008/09, finishes paperwork for training are certain which doesn't bolster hypothesis. Considerably after endeavors to evacuate multi-colinearity, they despite everything give positive indications. The greater part of the factors in the relapse are likewise inconsequential. In any case, when we take the information for LFS 2010/11, and right it for selectivity predisposition, we show signs of improvement results. The majority of the factors are critical just as give the right indications. A similar calculation was applied to both the informational indexes, and similar factors have been taken). Consequences of Logit models for rectifying selectivity predisposition are joined in Appendix A. Factors Used †Characteristics of Workers Summary tables from LFS 2010/11 1. Age * Theory proposes this is one of the most significant determinants of people’s choice to work. 2. Conjugal Status * This variable was taken as a spurious variable in the relapse. * It is a noteworthy variable in the choice to work, particularly in creating economies like Pakistan. 3. Area This is likewise taken as a sham. The Baluchistan territory was discarded from this examination. Nonetheless, the estimations of the Oaxaca Blinder technique consider this excluded variable. This is on the grounds that the technique takes the vectors of the assessed relapse condition. 4. District * Whether an individual is from a Rural or urban foundation has sway on the chances and the activity development design. 5. Instruction Level * This is connected legitimately with the variable pay. * This is again taken as a fake varia ble, and advanced education was overlooked from the relapse. 6. Relocation (Rural-Urban) Although not an extremely huge variable in our relapse, there are other exact investigations that have demonstrated how the moved families have preferred open doors for work over the individuals who don't. 7. Education * This is a spurious variable, and is noteworthy in our investigation. 8. Selectivity Bias Variables * These are Lambda’s in the model. Also, have been determined utilizing the Heckman Procedure for controlling selectivity inclination. Results To discover the segregation coefficient a lattice practice was done in Stata utilizing the information from LFS 2007/08. This introduced the accompanying condition; D= Xf? m-Bf+ ? Xm-Xf D=10. 030812+-7. 4166332 D= 2. 614212 The separation coefficient for LFS 2010/11 was determined as follows: D= Xm? m-Bf+ ? fXm-Xf D=0. 11964462+0. 31341527 D= 0. 43305989 Just taking a gander at the numbers we can say that separation have gone down alt ogether throughout the most recent two years. Regardless of whether this is really the situation, or this is only because of the issues in the information, we can't be certain. In any case, we believe that the outcome for 2010/11 is a superior gauge in general. The outcomes show that ladies are at a noteworthy drawback in Pakistan’s Labor Force. These outcomes are very expected.However, we additionally need to consider the issues in information assortment and estimation. A significant number of the house and little scope enterprises are not included in the LFS and they are a prime wellspring of work for ladies in Pakistan. Conversation There are numerous constraints of this examination. As a matter of first importance this can be made all the more impressive if board information is utilized, be that as it may, there are no wellsprings of such information. Also, a simple technique for extending this investigation is do an entomb year similar examination. There are more constra ints that are connected straightforwardly to the information that we have used.Many questions have been raised about the approach and the genuineness of the information in Labor Force Survey of Pakistan. Be that as it may, this constraint is outside our ability to control. There have additionally been questions raised about the Oaxaca-Blinder strategy for figuring wage separation. While we have endeavored to audit paper that have utilized this strategy and have accomplished great outcomes, there are as yet numerous inquiries regarding the method, still. There are not many strategy suggestions that we can get from these outcomes, particularly on the off chance that we take a gander at the criticalness levels in the information for 2008/09.However, this paper proves somewhat that there is an issue of sex wage separation is Pakistan. We can quality a great deal of this to social factors too; ladies would prefer not to work in many callings, so we can likewise contend that there might b e a case for separation by the representatives as opposed to the businesses. Reference index Giaimo R. , Bono F. , Lo Magno G. L. â€Å"Interpreting the Decomposition of the Gender Earning Gap. † University of Palermo Journal, 2007. Global Standard Industrial Classification of every Economic Activity (ISIC-Rev. 2, 1968). ILO. 2012. http://laborsta. lo. organization/applv8/information/isic2e. html (got to 2012). Javier Gardeazabal, Arantza Ugidos. â€Å"Gender Wage Discrimination at Quantiles. † Journal of Population Economics, 2005. Mats Johansson, Katarina Katz, Hakan Nyman. â€Å"Wage Differentials and Gender Discrimination: Changes in Sweden 1981-98. † Acta Sociologica, 2005. Detail. Stata. 2012. http://www. stata. com/meeting/5german/SINNING_stata_presentation. pdf. Tilak, Jandhyala B. G. â€Å"Education and Labor Market Discrimination. † Indian Journal of Industrial Relations , 1980. Informative supplement A Selectivity Bias Logit Regression Results: LFS 2008/09 LFS 2010/11

Role of Employee Motivation in Modern Management - 1375 Words

Role of Employee Motivation in Modern Management (Coursework Sample) Content: THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN MODERN MANAGEMENTIntroductionMotivation is used to describe those processes that people seek to satisfy their basic drives, their perceived needs and personal goals. It is a process that starts with physiclogical or psychogical deficiency or need that activates a behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal or an incentiveNeed: This is created whenever there is a physiological or psychological imbalance e.g. when the body is deprived of foodDrive: it is a deficiency with direction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ actions which provide an energizing thrust towards reaching an incentive e.g. - need for food translates to hunger (drive), need for friends translates to a drive for affliationIncentive: This is anything that alleviates the need and reduces the drive restores the physiological or psychological balance 1 The role of employee motivation in modern managementMotivation plays a very important role in modern management as it is the driving force be hind individuals that impels them to action. 1 To improve in productivity, quality and serviceWhile management may control the direction of the business, the actions of employees are what directly determine the rate of production. The cumulative effect of their levels of motivation has had a huge effect on how productive a company is. Employees who are paid well, offered profit sharing options and told how necessary they are to the company are less likely to engage in these practices that undermine productivity. 2 Reduce employee turn-over/RetentionHiring and training is an expensive process in a business. A firm that is able to retain skilled staff and minimize turnover will decrease that expense and increase its profits. When an organization creates a corporate culture that nurtures motivated, engaged employees they are able to retain talent for long. 3 Increase efficiencies in processesWhen employees are motivated there are increased efficiencies resulting in financial gain. The company is able to achieve its goals because employees work hard to achieve their goals and in turn the company will have achieved its goals. 4 Increase capacity to adopt new technologies and methods.Conducting different training is a way of motivating employees therefore, this makes it very easy to adapt to new technologies and methods because the employees understand that to be able to attain their goals it also comes with the change in technology and methods. 5 Increase innovation in strategies and productsDue to motivation employees have increased job satisfaction and morale therefore they are encouraged to come up with innovative ideas which are more important to the organization. 6 To builds a friendly relationshipEmployees can remain loyal to the organization only when they have a feeling of participation in management. When they are well motivated they are able to develop that friendly feeling and their productivity eventually goes up. 7 Contribute to better utilization of r esourcesHiam, (2003), indicate that employee motivation contributes to better utilization of resources. Employees who are well motivated feel a sense of ownership and they will not want to waste the resources as they are part of the organization.ConclusionAlderfer ERG theory of motivation states that when a higher order growth needs are stifled or cannot be met due to personal circumstance, lack of ability or some other factors, the individual is likely to regress back to lower order needs and feel these needs more stronglyFor example, if a person cannot move up the corporate ladder and is stuck in a job he does not like, the individual is likely to emphasize social relationship both on and off job and become... Role of Employee Motivation in Modern Management - 1375 Words Role of Employee Motivation in Modern Management (Coursework Sample) Content: THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN MODERN MANAGEMENTIntroductionMotivation is used to describe those processes that people seek to satisfy their basic drives, their perceived needs and personal goals. It is a process that starts with physiclogical or psychogical deficiency or need that activates a behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal or an incentiveNeed: This is created whenever there is a physiological or psychological imbalance e.g. when the body is deprived of foodDrive: it is a deficiency with direction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ actions which provide an energizing thrust towards reaching an incentive e.g. - need for food translates to hunger (drive), need for friends translates to a drive for affliationIncentive: This is anything that alleviates the need and reduces the drive restores the physiological or psychological balance 1 The role of employee motivation in modern managementMotivation plays a very important role in modern management as it is the driving force be hind individuals that impels them to action. 1 To improve in productivity, quality and serviceWhile management may control the direction of the business, the actions of employees are what directly determine the rate of production. The cumulative effect of their levels of motivation has had a huge effect on how productive a company is. Employees who are paid well, offered profit sharing options and told how necessary they are to the company are less likely to engage in these practices that undermine productivity. 2 Reduce employee turn-over/RetentionHiring and training is an expensive process in a business. A firm that is able to retain skilled staff and minimize turnover will decrease that expense and increase its profits. When an organization creates a corporate culture that nurtures motivated, engaged employees they are able to retain talent for long. 3 Increase efficiencies in processesWhen employees are motivated there are increased efficiencies resulting in financial gain. The company is able to achieve its goals because employees work hard to achieve their goals and in turn the company will have achieved its goals. 4 Increase capacity to adopt new technologies and methods.Conducting different training is a way of motivating employees therefore, this makes it very easy to adapt to new technologies and methods because the employees understand that to be able to attain their goals it also comes with the change in technology and methods. 5 Increase innovation in strategies and productsDue to motivation employees have increased job satisfaction and morale therefore they are encouraged to come up with innovative ideas which are more important to the organization. 6 To builds a friendly relationshipEmployees can remain loyal to the organization only when they have a feeling of participation in management. When they are well motivated they are able to develop that friendly feeling and their productivity eventually goes up. 7 Contribute to better utilization of r esourcesHiam, (2003), indicate that employee motivation contributes to better utilization of resources. Employees who are well motivated feel a sense of ownership and they will not want to waste the resources as they are part of the organization.ConclusionAlderfer ERG theory of motivation states that when a higher order growth needs are stifled or cannot be met due to personal circumstance, lack of ability or some other factors, the individual is likely to regress back to lower order needs and feel these needs more stronglyFor example, if a person cannot move up the corporate ladder and is stuck in a job he does not like, the individual is likely to emphasize social relationship both on and off job and become...

Freedom Among The African Americans - 1292 Words

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Throughout the late 19th and early 20th century, freed Black individuals were increasing in government participation as soldiers and we re served with a sense of inclusion in society through the adoption of amendments yet were constantly deprived of social acceptance by shunning blacks through segregation and disenfranchised through the regulation of the African American’s lives. As problems within our nation between slave states and non-slave states, in the late 19th century began to peak, many African Americans rose to the occasion to fight with those who sought equality. In the early onset of the American Civil war, thousandsShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. Is A Famous Figure In African American1416 Words   |  6 PagesLuther King Jr. is a famous figure in African American and American history. He is one of the most celebrated African Americans who lead the Black Civil Rights Movement to fight for the equality and freedom for African Americans. 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Essay My Experience Attending an Aa Meeting - 866 Words

My first experience at an alcoholics anonymous meeting was very interesting and in a way uplifting. At All Saints Lutheran Church the home group called â€Å"The Young People’s Group† there were people who had come from all walks of life. The group meeting that I thought would have been rather small slowly became larger and larger over the course of the night. I was unaware that the AA meetings had been setup with a set of codes or rules for those who struggle every day to fight this addiction. They allowed people who were new or if it was their first meeting to introduce themselves and tell their story to the fight of addiction related to alcohol. I was really impressed with the fact that the AA groups have an awards system for reaching†¦show more content†¦He was an older man in his 60’s and also a veteran of the United States Marine Corps. Keith struggled with sobriety and still does however; his stories were geared around the military. 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Media Violence (Complete with Bibliograhy) Essay Example For Students

Media Violence (Complete with Bibliograhy) Essay Psychological Reasoning Is Media Violence Harmful to Children? Media violence is getting more attention now than ever, as a precursor to children becoming violent teens and adults. Does watching a violent cartoon before school in the morning influence children to go to school and show violence toward their peers? The verdict seems to still be out on this issue. Some studies show children can differentiate between cartoon violence and violent shows depicting real people such as research by Deakin University lecturer David Ritchie. Other research conflicts Ritchies findings. Many children, especially preschool age, cannot differentiate between animated/fantasy, violence and reality based violence. (NCTA funded three-year research study 1994-97) 1 Some of the reasons the cartoon violence is so damaging to this age group are that the characters are not always the villains, the good characters are also committing the violent acts. The character involved in the violent or aggressive acts are not punished for the act, and even though in real-life the act would cause death or severe trauma there is no scene depicting this. Many times the afflicted character will get back up and shake it off and be back to normal. This can be very confusing for younger children. Children who watched the violent shows were more likely to strike out at playmates, argue, disobey authority and were less willing to wait for things than those children who watched non-violent programs. (Grebner, University of Penn. ) 2 More surprising and disturbing is the way violence is distributed among adult and child programming. Violence was found to occur in 69% of childrens programming versus 57% for adult programming. Even to those that state media violence is not harmful to children, these facts should be upsetting. (Kaiser Foundation study 1994-97) 3 A study conducted by the Indiana University School of Medicine has shown some proof of brain changes in youth by using MRI scans. Researchers got together a group of teens who were known to be aggressive, along with a group of non-aggressive teens. Both played violent video games and then MRI scans were conducted. Researchers found that there was a change in brain function only in the known aggressive teens after playing these violent games. Initial evidence from the study demonstrates that adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders have different frontal lobe activation patterns than teens without the disorder, said principal investigator Vincent P. Mathews, M.D., professor of radiology and chief of neuroradiology at the IU School of Medicine. 4 Dr. Mathews also went on to explain that even in teens without known aggressive tendencies the amount of television, movie, and video game violence that had been exposed to previously has an impact on brain waves when studied. Mathews believes this shows at the very least the need for more controlled studies of this kind. One of the first studies of media violence was the 1956 study surrounding Woody Woodpecker, half of the 24 children in the study watched a Woody Woodpecker cartoon with violent scenes and the other half watched the non-violent Little Red Hen. After watching the cartoons the children who watched Woody Woodpecker had a greater tendency to hit other children and break objects. (1956, various) 5 Another well known and often cited study was performed by Bandura in 1963. Bandura placed half of the children in the study in a room with a violent television program, the other half were playing in a room with no exposure to the show. After Bandura put the children who had watched the show in the same room with those who had, he noticed that those children were much more prone to show aggressiveness than their fellow playmates who did not watch the show. (1963, Bandura) 6 .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b , .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .postImageUrl , .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b , .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b:hover , .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b:visited , .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b:active { border:0!important; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b:active , .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f52bee50078c6245b4d64095792d44b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Cask of Amontillado is about revenge essayAfter reading many articles and research projects I have come to the conclusion that media violence does affect most childrens tendency to be aggressive. There are other factors involved, I do not see it as cut and dry as every child who watches a violent show will show violence toward others, but I do believe there is certainly a correlation. I think another hotly debated question comes into play along with exposure to media violence is, are humans naturally violent. Would these same children, had they .

Lessons learnt from Les Miserables and The Kite Runner

Morality finds voice through minor characters. This is observable in case of both Les Miserables and The Kite Runner. The main theme of redemption is similar in both the concert Les Miserables and the novel The Kite Runner. Morality presides through the presence of minor characters – animate or inanimate. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lessons learnt from Les Miserables and The Kite Runner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In case of the musical and the novel, it is reflected through minor, nondescript characters. Both Les Miserables and Kite Runner narrate the process of redemption, and that is through human deed (Llosa 101; Hayes 95). In this story of redemption, there is a constant presence of two characters, which stay away from the hubbub of the main plot and remain as a constant remainder of morality or conscience. These characters almost act as guiding angels who keep the mind of the main characte rs on the path to redemption. These characters are Bishop Myriel in Les Miserables and Rahim Khan in The Kite Runner. This essay discusses the way these two characters shaped the path to redemption for the other, more vital characters, and the way they became the moral voices. Bishop Myriel and Rahim Khan are minor but essential part in both the musical and the novel. The candlesticks given to Valjean by Bishop Myriel are symbolic of the transgression of a hardened convict to a life of good. The Bishop’s act of mercy and sympathy transforms the life of a treacherous and conniving convict. The Bishop welcomes the tired and starving convict under his shelter in the musical, and gives him food and â€Å"bed to rest till morning† (Hugo Act 1, On Parole). In the solo sung by the Bishop in the musical (Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven) the Bishop helps in saving Valjean by misleading the policemen stating that he had given the candlesticks to Valjean as gifts and given tw o more to sell them. This act ensures freedom for Valjean from both the authorities and the symbolic freedom from evil, as is expressed by the Bishop: And remember this, my brother, See in this some high plan.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More You must use this precious silver To become an honest man. By the witness of the martyrs, By the passion and the blood, God has raised you out of darkness: I have bought your soul for God. (Hugo Act 1, Valjean Arrested/Valjean Forgiven) Thus, Myriel becomes the moral force who that changes the course of Vajean’s life. This act teaches us that mercy done to others will save a soul. He becomes the symbol of goodness, a symbol that is shown to Valjean and changes the course of the musical. He shows Valjean the road to redemption, and obliges his mind to follow the path of goodness.Advertising We will write a custom essay samp le on Lessons learnt from Les Miserables and The Kite Runner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rahim Khan is the moral voice in the story The Kite Runner. However, a minor character, and one that has not been developed fully, Rahim Khan plays a vital role in the novel. He was the best friend of Baba (Amir’s father) and a father figure to Amir. Amir often wished that Rahim Khan were his father instead of Baba: â€Å"When they left, I sat on my bed and wished Rahim Khan had been my father.† (Hosseini 28) Rahim Khan is a character that stays away from the main plot or the main character. He is also different from them – from the good characters of Hassan and Ali, and the complete devilish character of Assef, and Baba and Amir lying somewhere in-between. Rahim Khan cannot be categorized in any of these character types. He is almost a celestial figure standing beyond the bounds of moral questioning. He becomes the gui ding light for Amir in his journey to redemption (like Bishop Myriel in Les Miserables). From the very beginning of the story, Rahim Khan had helped Amir and boosted his self-confidence. The note he wrote to Amir showed the character’s support to Amir: â€Å"My door is always open to you, Amir jan. I shall hear nay story you have to tell. Bravo.† (Hosseini 28) Rahim Khan told Amir his deepest secret in order to ascertain what was going through his mind. He told Amir that he could tell him anything he wanted to: â€Å"You know, you can tell me anything you want, Amir jan. Anytime.† (Hosseini 87) Amir almost told him his betrayal of friendship towards Hassan but stopped as he thought that Rahim Khan would hate him for this, as he related â€Å"For a moment, I almost did tell him. Almost told him everything, but then what would he think of me? He’d hate me and rightfully.† (Hosseini 87) Though Amir did not tell his story to Rahim Khan then, he alread y knew. Rahim Khan calls Amir to Pakistan from America and asks him to rescue Hassan and his family from Afghanistan. He is the one who reveal to Amir that Hassan is actually his half-brother. He asked Amir to rescue Sohrab from Afghanistan. When Amir said, â€Å"I can’t go to Kabul,† Rahim Khan simply said, â€Å"There is a way to be good again.† (198) Rahim Khan showed Amir the â€Å"way to end the cycle† (198) and showed the path to redemption. Bishop Myriel and Rahim Khan are nondescript characters. However, they are the catalyst of the main theme. They become the wind that changes the course of the life of the main characters in the musical as well as in the novel. The right direction that can be found for redemption can be found from simple and non descript characters, rather than the more elaborate and complex characters. In both Les Miserable and Kite Runner, the direction towards salvation has been clearly etched by two characters who are minor , but are strong in their own accord. Thus, it teaches us that a guiding light may be small, yet is significant in moulding the course of action.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Hayes, Judi. In search of The Kite Runner. Danvers, MA: Chalice Press, 2007. Print. Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2003. Print. Les Miserables 10th Anniversary Concert. By Victor Hugo. Royal Albert Hall Concert , New York. 1995. Concert. Llosa, Mario Vargas. The temptation of the impossible: Victor Hugo and Les Misà ©rables. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004. Print. This essay on Lessons learnt from Les Miserables and The Kite Runner was written and submitted by user Lara Hebert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

7 Reasons Why Teaching is Challenging and Hard

7 Reasons Why Teaching is Challenging and Hard Teaching is one of the most rewarding professions in that it gives you an opportunity to make an impact on a future generation.  It is also extremely difficult and draining- no one with actual teaching experience would tell you otherwise. Being a teacher takes patience, dedication, passion, and the ability to do more with less. It is a treacherous journey often filled with just as many valleys as there are mountains.  Those committed to the profession do so simply because they want to be difference makers.  The following seven factors are some broader issues that make teaching challenging and hard. Disruptive Environment Disruptions occur in many external and internal forms.  Students and teachers have lives outside the walls of the school. Situations commonly occur that serve as a distraction.  These external obstacles are often difficult and sometimes nearly impossible to ignore and overcome.  Internally, issues such as student discipline problems, student assemblies, extra-curricular activities, and even announcements interrupt the flow of the school day.   These are only some of the many issues that serve as a disruption for teachers and students. The fact is that any disruption will take away valuable instructional time and negatively impact student learning in some form.  Teachers must be adept at handling disruptions quickly and getting their students back on task as soon as possible. Expectations In Flux The rules of teaching are constantly changing.  In some aspects, this is good while occasionally it may also be bad.  Teaching is not immune to fads.  The next great thing will be introduced tomorrow and obsolete by weeks’ end.  It is an ever revolving door for teachers.  When things are always changing, you leave very little room for any stability. This lack of stability creates nervousness, uncertainty, and an assurance that our students are being cheated in some aspect of their education.  Education requires stability to maximize effectiveness. Our teachers and our students would benefit from it greatly.  Sadly, we live in a time of flux. Teachers must find a way to bring some stability to the classroom to give their students an opportunity to be successful. Finding Balance There is a perception that teachers only work from 8-3 each day.  This is the time they actually spend with their students. Any teacher will tell you that this only represents a portion of what is required of them.  Teachers often arrive early and stay late. They must grade and record papers, collaborate with other teachers, plan and prepare for the next day’s activities or lessons, attend faculty or committee meetings, clean and organize their classrooms, and communicate with family members. Many teachers continue to work on these things even after they go home.  It can be difficult to find a balance between their personal life and their professional life. Great teachers invest a tremendous amount of time outside of the time spent with their students. They understand that all these things have a significant impact on student learning. However, teachers must commit to stepping away from their teaching responsibilities from time to time so that their personal life does not suffer in some aspect. Individuality of Students Every student is different. They have their own unique personalities, interests, abilities, and needs. Gauging these differences can be extremely difficult.  In the past, teachers have taught to the middle of their class. This practice did a disservice to those students with higher and lower abilities.  Most teachers now find a way to differentiate and accommodate every student according to their own individual needs. Doing so benefits the students, but it comes at a price for the teacher.  It is a difficult and time-consuming task.  Teachers must be adept at utilizing data and observations, finding the appropriate resources, and meeting every student where they are. Lack of Resources School funding impacts students learning in several areas. Underfunded schools have overcrowded classrooms and outdated technology and textbooks.  They are understaffed with many administrators and teachers taking on dual roles to save money.  Programs that may benefit students, but are not required are the first to be cut.  Students lose out on opportunities when schools are underfunded. Teachers must become adept at doing more with less. Most teachers unselfishly spend hundreds of dollars out of their own pockets to purchase supplies and materials for their classrooms.  A teacher’s effectiveness cannot help but be limited when they are not afforded the necessary resources to do their job effectively. Time Is Limited A teacher’s time is precious.  As alluded to above, there is a difference between the time we spend with the students and the time we spend preparing for our students. Neither is sufficient.  Teachers must maximize the time they have with their students.  Every minute with them should matter.  One of the hardest aspects of teaching is that you only have them for a short period of time to prepare them for the next level.  You do the best you can when you have them, but in the scope of things, you have only a small amount to give them what they need.  No teacher feels like they ever have enough time to accomplish everything that they needed or wanted to. Varying Levels of Parental Involvement Parental involvement is one of the greatest indicators of academic success for students. Those students whose parents teach their children from an early age that learning is valuable and stay involved throughout school give their children a greater opportunity to be successful.  Most parents want what is best for their children, but they may not know how to be involved with their child’s education. This is another obstacle that teachers must hurdle.  Teachers must take an active role in giving parents the opportunity to be involved. They must be direct with parents and engage them in discussions about the role they play in their child’s education.  Furthermore, they must give them the opportunity to be involved on a regular basis.

Quality Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Quality Assurance - Essay Example Quality assurance is a vital aspect in any organisation that needs to offer unparalleled products or services. Quality assurance is the implementation of all systematic activities that are geared towards provision of quality products and services. All organisations that adhere to quality control are in a position to make a positive impact in the provision of products and services.This is an activity that is directed towards fulfilling the needs of the demand for the services and products. Quality control is mostly inclined towards satisfaction of those in need the services and products. In quality control, an organisation’s interests are not paramount. However, the interests of the consumer reign supreme. Quality Concepts An organisation that needs to apply quality control has to go through various procedures to attain the best. It is not an easy task to implement quality assurance and it will take time and other resources including finance and labour. First, the organisation has to carry out a concrete system analysis. Organisations have to come up with a system that will be operational in the organisation in order to meet the requirements. In this initial step, the organisation has to consult with concerned parties to come up with a functional system. This will involve consultation, meeting with other parties consulting research in making a strong system. This will be followed by development of the system to ensure it will function in the organisation. Analysing and developing a system that is not functional in the organisation will be a waste of time and resources. ... As such, there will be limited instances of conflict of interest. Secondly, there has to be procedures that will be followed in implementation of the system. Following procedures will ensure the system will be implemented in a standardised form. Some procedures will be vital and should be done before taking any other step in the system. Thirdly there will be a need for reference materials. The system should be backed up with materials that will be used in future in ensuring the system is followed appropriately. The last part of applying quality assurance is informing the concerned parties of the system in place. Passing information explicitly will be a benefit to the organisation as all the employees or people in the organisation will be prepared to execute the system. This will be followed by instructing the organisation on the possible measures that will be in place when implementing the system. Lastly, there will be a need to train the staff in ensuring the system is fully execute d. Since the workforce is directly involved, they will have to get ample training and preparation for the system that should be put in place. When considering the application of quality assurance in an organisation, there are several parameters that are considered. First, there is constant training of the concerned parties and employees. The employees are directly involved in ensuring quality standards are maintained. Therefore, constant training of the employees will ensure the quality of products or services are kept in high standards. In many instances, organisations that practice employee training are at the helm of making positive accrual in their line of service or products. Secondly, there is need for constant

Fashion Designer and Fashion Merchandiser Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion Designer and Fashion Merchandiser - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Designer and Fashion Merchandiser" compares the Fashion Designer and Fashion Merchandiser. Fashion designers study popular trends among the public and accordingly design their accessories and garments. Their target groups include people of all ages and classes in general. Fashion designers work in close collaboration with manufacturers to acquire the embellishments and fabric for designing and supervise the production as well. Since marketing is very important for their business, most fashion designers also work closely with creative directors and plan fashion shows. While acquiring a degree is not a prerequisite for being a fashion designer, yet having a diploma in fashion designing at least is recommendable. Fashion designers’ salaries vary depending upon their popularity. Fashion merchandisers offer their services to the fashion retailers and choose the accessories and garments to be sold at their stores. One of their functions is to develop attractive di splays to motivate the public to shop. Fashion merchandisers negotiate with the designers and wholesalers to acquire the accessories and garments at a lower price to make the business more profitable for the stores they represent. While there is no established education requirement for an individual who wants to become a fashion merchandiser, some employers might prefer fashion merchandisers with some education in fashion which would reflect their theoretical knowledge and understanding of the latest trends.

Benefits of tourism to the local community Research Paper

Benefits of tourism to the local community - Research Paper Example Analysis of the theoretical and conceptual aspects of the benefits of tourism to the Local Community in Singapore Tourism is the global largest industry that contributes to job position creation in diverse economies. The sector has facilitated the development of structures that have the capacity to boost coexistence and economic stability. Communities that focus on improving their living standards should encourage tourism based on its benefits. Dwyer and Forsyth (1997) note that tourism improves the income levels of community members; furthermore, tourism increases the national GDP, employment and facilitates general rise in the living status of individuals. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), nations are obligated to adopt conventional tourism guidelines that facilitate their competitiveness and growth. WTO facilitates the formulation of policies to ensure that tourism activities are streamlined effectively. This is to ensure that the tourist attraction sites meet def inite standards; furthermore, they should have supporting amenities that allow the safe stay of visitors (Lewis and Newsome, 2003). The agency defines tourism as travelling to new destinations due to particular attractions outside an individual’s geographical setting. ... They also facilitate engagement at various levels of operations that range from local setting to the international arena. This advances social and cultural integration that is earned through mutual understanding (Lewis and Newsome 2003). According to King (2000), domestic tourism in Singapore entails visiting the local destinations and tourist sceneries. Domestic tourism is important in enhancing an individual’s lifestyle since it allows the local people to understand the local events and historical sceneries. It also enables individuals to embrace and appreciate the local resources within the society. It also enhances the understanding of diverse cultural practices by persons with dialectal variations. Inbound tourism forms the second category that entails the visit made by non-citizens or residence to the local attraction sites (King, 2000). The system is currently gaining momentum since the need for individuals to change their environmental setting and learn new things in l ife is paramount. People are currently keen on exploring new ventures and sites of attraction that provide a unique environment for leisure. The technique can be encouraged through detailed awareness of the existing sceneries or the attraction sites, thus, influencing decision-making. Outbound logistics forms the third category that entails the visits to other nations by locals. Internal, national and international tourist categories follow respectively. The categories entail the combination of inbound, domestic and outbound categories. The categories are vital since they foster international integration and cooperation that is crucial in enhancing trade; thus, benefiting the local community. They are also significant in advancing social and cultural cohesiveness (King, 2000). The

The Anti-Trust Case Against Microsoft :: Business Technology

The Anti-Trust Case Against Microsoft Since 1990, a battle has raged in United States courts between the United States government and the Microsoft Corporation out of Redmond, Washington, headed by Bill Gates. What is at stake is money. The federal government maintains that Microsoft's monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher prices and potentially downgrading software quality, and should therefore be stopped, while Microsoft and its supporters claim that they are not breaking any laws, and are just doing good business. Microsoft's antitrust problems began for them in the early months of 1990(Check 1), when the Federal Trade Commission began investigating them for possible violations of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts,(Maldoom 1) which are designed to stop the formation of monopolies. The investigation continued on for the next three years without resolve, until Novell, maker of DR-DOS, a competitor of Microsoft's MS-DOS, filed a complaint with the Competition Directorate of the European Commission in June of 1993. (Maldoom 1) Doing this stalled the investigations even more, until finally in August of 1993, (Check 1)the Federal Trade Commission decided to hand the case over to the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice moved quickly, with Anne K. Bingaman, head of the Antitrust Division of the DOJ, leading the way.(Check 1) The case was finally ended on July 15, 1994, with Microsoft signing a consent settlement.(Check 1) The settlement focused on Microsoft's selling practices with computer manufacturers. Up until now, Microsoft would sell MS-DOS and Microsoft's other operating systems to original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) at a 60% discount if that OEM agreed to pay a royalty to Microsoft for every single computer that they sold (Check 2) regardless if it had a Microsoft operating system installed on it or not. After the settlement, Microsoft would be forced to sell their operating systems according to the number of computers shipped with a Microsoft operating system installed, and not for computers that ran other operating systems. (Check 2) Another practice that the Justice Department accused Microsoft of was that Microsoft would specify a minimum number of minimum number of operating systems that the retailer had to buy, thus eliminating any chance for another operating system vendor to get their system installed until the retailer had installed all of the Microsoft operating systems that it had installed.(Maldoom 2) In addition to specifying a minimum number of operating systems that a vendor had to buy, Microsoft also would sign contracts with the vendors for long periods of time

Hospitality Across Culture

Hospitality is the relationship between guest and host, or the act or practice of being hospitable. When coming to another country, we always want to make a good impression to the native people like showing them our hospitality. But sometimes, because of different culture our hospitality is considered as offence.So what should we do in this case?In case study, a typical situation surprised me. The American manager by the name of Bill Morris just simply want to show his emplyees in France his hospitality. He decided to throw a party for the whole office. His intention was pretty good. He thought it would be a good way to get accquainted with everyone in a less formal environment. Then, people with know that he is an open person and easy to talk. However, this wasn’t work.His employees didn’t think like that and just in a negative way.In French employess’s thought, their boss was showing off his money by inviting them to his elegent apartment. They felt strange and uncomfortable in his home as well as socializing together. Certainly, Morris didn’t make a good impression to his employees.The situation gave me knowledge of America and France hospitality culture in : socialize with employess from different levels of the company, role of the boss in the social life of the office, style of entertaining colleagues, different about socialiszing with friends and collagues, common ways of socialising with business colleagues. This is two different country with different culture, working style : formal and informal. It’s not easy to mix them. In solving situation tasks, our class was discuss to help Morris able to adapt to the social ways of his French employees. We all think he should learn about France culture, shouldn’t so formal with his colleagues to build his presigate. He should care to his working style, languages using, attitudes †¦Above all, following French culture will make his employees respect him and feel heâ₠¬â„¢s more familiar to them. Step by step, they’ll sure understand his good intention and have a good point of view on him.Hospitality across culture isn’t simply at all. It requires a certain knowledge about culture and ways to apply it appropriately. This situation reminds me a famous saying : ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do.’ Obviously when you come another country, the native people expect you to do as their culture. This will make they feel that you searched and interested in their culture before and respect it. Getting to know about eachother culture is a simply way to communicate people from all over the world. This is a chance to widen your knowledge, open your working opportunity, build relationship across border.

The Social Security Of Welfare - 980 Words

â€Å"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day. Teach him to fish and he will eat for a lifetime.† Welfare is defined as a procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need. Welfare was a system created to help those who could not help themselves; today that system is being misused and abused. The government collects money from working individuals in the form of taxes and distributes it to assist those who cannot work on their own, or those who simply choose not to work. The Social Security Publication, maintained by the United States government, states that the only items required for an interview are: identification, such as a driver’s license, state ID, birth certificate or alien card; proof of income for each member of your household, pay stubs or records that show if Social Security, SSI or a pension for each member of your household is received; proof of how much you spend for child care; rent receipts or proof of your mortgage payments; records of your utility costs; and medical bills for the members in your household who are of the age 60 or older, and for those who receive government payments such as Social Security or SSI because they are disabled. Looking at the requirements listed, they are saying if you overspend on rent, childcare, or any bills and do not have an excess amount of â€Å"stuff† then you would qualify. The application process is so simple; it can easily be fabricated and obtained by those whoShow MoreRelatedS ocial Security And The Welfare System2072 Words   |  9 Pagesrecipient of Social Security benefits. At that time the surpluses generated each year will cease, and Social Security will begin to run a deficit (paying out more than it takes in). The government will then have to begin paying back the money borrowed from the trusts, plus interest. Since no money has been saved for this purpose, the government will be forced to increase the national debt, cut spending, or raise taxes. â€Å"Even worse, unless something is done, the entire Social Security system will useRead MoreShould Welfare Subsidies Be Limited For Only The Social Security System?2329 Words   |  10 PagesSafwan Siddiqi Mr. Williams AP Government and Politics, Period 2 March 28, 2015 Should Welfare Subsidies be limited to only the Social Security System? 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AccordingRead MoreWhy The 1981 Failed At Reforming Social Security Under The Reagan Administration Failed1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe reasons why the 1981 attempt at reforming Social Security under the Reagan administration failed, as detailed in Chapter 8 of Martha Derthick and Steven M Teles’ The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and its Legacies, boils down to the following factors: it did not have a clear goal in mind about Social Security reform (Derthick, Teles 187), it had a poor working relationship with C ongress on the issue (Derthick, Teles 185), and leadership, on part of the president, was lacking (DerthickRead MoreWelfare And Health Care Reform1527 Words   |  7 Pagesof the textbook We the People: An Introduction to American Politics covers the topic of social policy. The two main issues of social policy in today’s society are welfare and health care reform. 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This provision foresees the legal American right for citizens to have its government serve the welfare of the people. However, the constitution states that this welfare is for the people’ s general welfare– not welfare which takes resources from the people to benefit certain states or certain people. Those who receive the welfare are mainly poor and not actively seeking jobs; giving these people money would just be subversive. Providing social welfare programs toRead MoreThe Social Welfare And Import Trade Of Britain And China1322 Words   |  6 PagesTitle analysis: This essay will compare the social welfare and import export trade of Britain and China, and will evaluate the causes and consequences of the differences. In recent years, the import and export trade has been one of the factors of the rapid economic development of many countries, by increasing the production inputs, labour inputs and technology investment, and promoting economic development. At the same time, with the continuous development of economy, countries ensure the harmoniousRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Welfare1095 Words   |  5 PagesWhen you hear the words â€Å"welfare† what comes to mind? To me, the word welfare has always had a very negative connotation. However, after looking further into the concept behind it all, welfare isn’t always such a bad thing. In general, welfare provides financial stability for those who are otherwise unable to do so. Welfare can be very beneficial to a multitude of people with many different ways to make life easier. Welfare in the United States refers to a federal welfare program that has been putRead MoreWho Should Receive Entitlements? Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages Who Sh ould Receive Entitlements? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As part of American ideals, the government has a responsibility to take a role in maintaining the financial security of it’s citizens who are in need. Benefits are given to help those who are unable to provide for themselves, and those who they are responsible forothers who need help. Although some people become dependent on these grants, the majority of those who receive them truly need them. Support offered by the government needs