Louis Vuitton in Japan free essay sample

What has made LV’s business model successful in the Japanese Luxury Market? Japanese luxury market has often placed the greater deal about value on quality along with exclusivity of the products that are being offered as well as it is the critical success factor for the luxury brands within Japan. Fact, which Louis Vuitton has regularly concentrated on enhancing the quality of their product portfolio, has been the important element towards brand’s success in between Japanese luxury market. What made LV’s business model successful within Japanese Luxury has been most important because of the aggressive marketing strategy that they have adopted in the entire nation. Rather with its heritage, â€Å"savoir-faire a la francaise†, constant innovation, quality of its products along with the offered lifetime repair guarantees, LV’s has managed making their Japanese consumers loyal to brand along with succeeded to build their empire within the Japan. What are the opportunities and challenges for LV in Japan? Opportunities Features of evolution of ageing Japanese population might be the option for Louis Vuitton, like wealthier families along with old women with enhanced buying power, however establishing the Internet business, application for the smart phones and also expending the newer range of products for men as well as kids might be next step for enhancing growth within the Japanese Luxury market. We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Vuitton in Japan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Challenges Changes within the Japanese society along with mindset have been the biggest challenge for Louis Vuitton. New generation does not have similar vision as earlier one along with with gloomy economic context they have lesser inclined towards tolerating the high prices, which was earlier developed desirability. However, entry of the fast fashion brand like ZARA, HM, UNIQLO in Japanese market, providing the quality at the competitive price shook up market share of present luxury organizations within the Japan. Saturated market within the Japan for the fashion luxury, regular lesser editions of products along with feasible departure of the Marc Jacobs might in addition be pointed out like challenges for LV. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market? Consumer behavior has been one of biggest specific of Japanese fashion luxury market. Japanese method of consumption has been separate from Western one, as they have been called to be the group related culture in that there had been actual pressure for possessing the luxury brands, its methods of consuming those looks more like the compulsory form of the social expression. And with sufficient marketing strategies successful luxury brand had made Japanese luxury market big market. Apart from that, Japanese customers have often been sensitive towards quality, price, and creativity along with higher fashion these have been the important factors for the successful brands in Japanese market. How did LV enter into the Japanese market originally? What are the other entry strategies adopted later to strengthen its presence? Enter of LV in Japanese market started in mid of the year 1970 however thanks to Vuitton Racamier family who was concentrated majorly on building the Japanese clientele. LV opted for the newer strategy through opening their individual shop in shops in between Japan without help of the Japanese distributor. Louis Vuitton turned out towards being the pioneer in establishing their individual subsidiary as well as exporting products directly from the France to Japan. However, hiring the domestic Chief Executive Officer along with managers for leading Louis Vuitton within Japan permitted brand for doing business much more efficiently trusting they have been much more capable of making market driven decision, as they have been capable of better understanding domestic people. However, through providing architectural stores with the interior design comparable to found in their flagship stores within Paris, Louis Vuitton has been capable of revolutionizing entire buying experience in store matching emotion brought out through products. For strengthening their presence within the Japan Louis Vuitton opted for many others strategies, like hiring Marc Jacob who was created new energy for every ready to wear collection, mixing tradition as well as innovation however in addition through collaborating with the Japanese artists along with launching lesser editions products (exclusivity perceive through consumers) that allows Louis Vuitton to enhance their profit right away. With Japanese economic boom of 1980, Louis Vuitton saw the real option along with decided for entering within this Asian market. However the strategy adopted through company had been totally separate along with uncommon from rest of the world wide actors. Rather, Louis Vuitton had been initially multinational for opening their individual shop in shops through establishing their own subsidiaries, concentrated on only 1 brand of their portfolio. LV did not use usual supply chain schema along with help of the Japanese distributors however exported their products, straightly from France to Japan. Such a strategy provides real benefit to company, underlying higher quality of their production along with distribution systems. LV strategy had original in fact, which that gave the stronger autonomy towards their subsidiaries, and power about market driven decisions. LV trusted Japanese managers along with started on its perfect comprehension as well as knowledge of domestic people, domestic culture along with local consumer behavior. For strengthening their presence in the Japan, LV gave some flexibility towards Japanese market through designating that the place for test newer products and for opening open avantgardist stores, with help of renowned Japanese designers as well as artists. Will LV have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges? As described earlier there has been the shift within the Japanese customer preferences along with this has been even much more highlighted because of the global financial crisis. Rather, days of charging the higher price for products having proprietary logo looked to be gone within the Japan. In the time of recession Japanese customers have been becoming much more aware about value of money. However, counterfeiting seemed even in Japanese market in which quality has been one of important factors within act of buying the luxury goods along with this became the bigger challenge for LV. Now that fake bags have been hard to differentiate from genuine ones, Japanese customer would purchase fake LV bags, which they would use for daily life, even if they own authentic, which they would save for important occasions. As there had been sustained slowdown in demand for luxury goods in the year 2008 to 2009 because of the global recession, Japanese luxury market would remain the healthy as well as increasing industry along with strategic decisions may overcome those challenges. On the contrary LV has decided to reduce their prices however they had made 7% price reduction on their range of products. On the contrary LV designated Kiyotaka Fujii the new CEO that initial change in Japanese management team. Such a change in the management allows brand to have the newer vision along with newer concepts such as expanding range of the products for children, sales of smaller products (wallets, sunglasses), spreading the business on web, expanding their strategies as well as opening the newer stores in the mid size cities in which brand has not been well know.

Smithfield Foods Company

Smithfield Foods Company Background description on Smithfield Foods Company Smithfield Foods Company produces and manufactures pork and pork products. It is the largest pork producing company in the world. The company was established in 1936 and the current headquarters are based in Virginia. Smithfield Field raises approximately 14 millions pigs annually.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Smithfield Foods Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company processes about 27 million pigs are each year, to produce pork and beef products. Various brand names are used in the global markets to represent the pork and beef products. Smithfield has experienced various challenges in offering better products in the market. The management has made efforts to improve the performance of the company, and to reduce the negative effects of its activities (Smithfield Foods website, 2011). The implementation of Customer Relationship Management will help improve the performance of the company, both internally and externally. The challenges facing the company will be resolved by installing and implementing eth CRM system. However, the management should have strategies of ensuring that the system is successful because there will be various challenges to be experienced during the implementation process (Thomas, 2011). The issues and challenges facing Smithfield Foods Company According to Hirsch and Person (2009), Smithfield experiences many problems concerning its relationship with customers, employees, environment groups, and other stakeholders in the industry. The customers of the company have complained about exploitative process imposed to the products of the company. The company has been able to dominate the global market, and this makes it impose prices discriminatively (Pride Ferrell, 2008). Smithfield has been sued for its poor waste management practices. It was alleged that the company disposes untreated animal waste into wa terways. This has affected the health standards of the workers and the neighboring communities. Cases of bad animal waste stenches have been reported by the people living around the company (Fainaru, 2009). A fine of $12.6 was issued to the company in 1997 for violating Clean Water Act. Despite the efforts made by the company to operate in a clean environment, the company has been alleged to spread swine flu due to its poor waste management practices.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was reported that the company failed to dispose dead animal bodies, and dogs would consume the carcasses. In addition, people living around the company were reported to complain about headaches. Therefore, the outbreak of H1N1 in 1999 was linked to the company (Squier, 2011). The company has also been practicing poor animal handling. The pigs live in crates which are too small. In addition, transportation of the animals is done poorly such that some animals end up dying on the way. Animal abuse has been reported, and this has affected the demand for the products of the company. The need to know the source of foods found in the market has increased, and this has created the need for customers to seek information about the process of manufacturing as well as production of food components. As such, the treatment of animals has become important in determining good practices by manufacturers. This has affected the market for the products produced by Smithfield Foods Company because the company has been mishandling animals (Thomas, 2011). In addition, most of the customers are concerned about the welfare of the employees’ working conditions. The company has been sued severally for its poor workplace conditions. The management of the company interferes with the operations of the labor union of the employees. This makes it possible for the company to oppres s its employees because it can easily manipulate the rules of the union. For example, in 1994 and 1997, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union (UFCW) sued the Smithfield Foods Company for manipulating elections of the union. The National Labor Relations Board had issued injunction to the management of the company to stop interfering with the activities of the union. In 2006, the management of the company failed to provide finances for conducting fair elections at the union. Due to the unfair practices of the company employees have held several public demonstrations to protest the behavior of the company (Bacon, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Smithfield Foods Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The UFCW called for mass boycott of Smithfield’ products in 2007 and this affected consumer perception about the products of the company. The campaign affected the image of the company’s p roducts in the domestic and global markets. Even though an agreement to stop the boycott was reached between the UFCW and the company, the demand for the products from the company has been affected due to the poor working conditions of the company. In addition, the image of the company has been tarnished, and the company may lose its global market share in the near future. Smithfield has encounter other disputes which have caused it incur a lot of fines. For example, in 2009 the company was penalized $900,000 for engaging in illegal merger (Pope Treacy, 2011). The benefit CRM will bring to Smithfield Foods Company By adopting Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies, the company will interact with customers. This will help identify the problems that customers may have concerning the products offered by the company to the market. The company will identify changes in consumer demand, and any aspect of the products that the customers may wish to be added. With the implementat ion of CRM, the customers will be able to convey information to the company. This will help the employees to develop products according to the specific needs of the customers. Since the company has many customers, and operates in many countries, the introduction of CRM will help get in touch with all customers by establishing appropriate information collection system (Sunil, Krishnan Fornell, 2005). The CRM system will help the company identify complaints from customers and other stakeholders. By installing an electronic CRM, the management of the company will easily monitor the feedbacks provided by stakeholders.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication with relevant departments will also enhance the provision of appropriate remedies to the prevailing problems. The company requires using the information obtained from the customers to develop strategies of improving the welfare of its employees, animals and to maintain appropriate environmental standards (Eugene, Fornell Mazvancheryl, 2004). Developing custom-made products will be possible by applying the CRM strategy. The company will be able to identify the specific needs of the customers, and this will be incorporated in the product design, performance strategies as well as improving the environmental conditions. Therefore, the company will achieve higher customer satisfaction, and this will lead to higher profits being made. Consumer loyalty will also be achieved when customers are satisfied (Hennig, 2000). Customers develop a repurchase behavior when they are satisfied by the products and services of a certain company. The high levels of customer satisfaction wil l help improve the market position of the products of the company. As such, the company will achieve a higher competitive position in the domestic and global market. This will help improve the sales made by the company, and ultimately it will be able to dominate the global markets (Asim Mela, 2003). Developing appropriate marketing campaigns will be possible by the use of CRM. Smithfield has experienced boycott campaigns against its products in the past. By applying CRM, the company will be able to overcome challenges it encountered in the past where the image of its products was tarnished. The application of CRM will neutralize the negative campaigns provided by the UFCW (National Labor Relations Board, 2008). According to Shimp (2010), conducting corporate social responsibility will be possible by applying CRM. The company has experienced moments of poor brand image in the global image, and there is need to develop strategies of promoting the image of the brands of the company by conducting corporate social responsibility activities. These activities will help build a better product image among all consumers of the company’s products. Identifying the social needs of the communities where the company operates in will be possible by implementing the CRM strategy. The company can collect information from all stakeholders concerning projects which are essential for improving the status of the communities (Ruth, Kannan, Bramlett, 2000). By conducting CSR activities, the company will develop better relationship with the communities where it operates in, and thi9s will help improve the image of the company in the global markets. Meeting the social needs of the communities will help resolve some problems the company has been facing in the past. For example, the challenge of environmental cleanliness can be dealt with more easily by mobilizing communities to help clean up the water ways. By installing appropriate facilities to protect the communities from be ing affected by the animal waste will also help improve the relationship with the neighboring communities. This implies that the company will develop strategies of promoting better environment by collecting information from the neighboring communities by the use of CRM tools (Owyang, 2010). The type of CRM system that is best suited for Smithfield Foods Company The use of closed-loop CRM is the most applicable for Smithfield Foods Company. The closed-loop CRM helps customize marketing campaigns and measures their effectiveness. This helps improve the overall performance of an organization. Through the closed-loop CRM system, the company will measure how effective the organizational systems are. It also predicts the customer behavior in the future. The available data is modeled to predict the behavior of consumers in future. The system also allows managers to act upon the observed behavior of customers. Since Smithfield Foods Company aims at improving the overall satisfaction of all stakeholders, using the closed-loop CRM system will be the most applicable because it will help identify the factors affecting all stakeholders (Kale, 2009). The types of multi-channels venues the company should adopt in this CRM approach The first channel is measuring the extent of CRM. This means that the company will measure the success of implementing the CRM by the use of profits, sales volume or any other organizational aspect. The measures should be easy to quantify so that the management can know the extent to which the company has achieved change after implementing the new strategies (Kale, 2009). The other channel will involve acting to accomplish the CRM system is taking action. After identifying the appropriate CRM to be applied, the management must act on the strategies to ensure that they are impended. This will ensure that the entire process is complete. This channel ensures that the strategies are implemented according to the requirements of the customers and other s takeholders (Foss Stone, 2002). Predicting is the last channel in the implementation of the CRM channel. This will help determine the future requirements of the company. Prediction provides the management with the necessary strategies for improving the performance of employees to achieve the changing market conditions. By applying the current market variables, the management can predict the market performance or the behavior of customers in the near future (Kale, 2009). The areas of support the company needs for a successful implementation of CRM The company will need support in financing the implementation of the system. Installing a workable CRM requires having enough capital resources. The funds can be sourced internally or from external sources. The company should be ready to pay all expenses associated with any method of providing funds to finance the process. In addition, the company will require support in the areas of professional skills. There implementation of the CRM pro cess requires the use of appropriate professions to ensure that the entire process is successful. To achieve this, the management will be required to outsource people with skills to perform the activities of implementing the CRM process. Alternatively, The Company can train its employees to implement the CRM internally. This will reduce the costs; however, the internal employees may not have all the skills required in the implementation of the CRM process (Dyche, 2002). The company should consider outsourcing its software Smithfield Foods Company should use outsourced CRM system. This is a system whereby the company makes a contract with another company to supply with CRM system. This type of system is the most suitable because Smithfield Foods does not specialize in manufacturing and developing CRM system. Outsourcing the system will improve on the quality of CRM system developed for the operation of the company’s activities. In addition, developing the CRM system might requ ire special skills and professions, and these may be costly for the company. Outsourcing the system will also help save the time that would have been used to developed the system by the employees of the company (Kale, 2009). Some of the hardware’s the company needs to consider Smithfield Foods Company will need to install internet systems in almost all departments of the company. In addition, computers and computer peripherals will be required to capture the required data. The use of data capturing and analysis tools will help implement the strategy of the company. With the use of internet system, the stakeholders of the company will be able t communicate with the management of the company. The company will be required to install data recovery system. This will help retrieve data in case the system is affected by viruses or any other malicious damage. Soft copy and hardcopy of the most valuable data should be kept as a security measure (Kale, 2009). How the company will addre ss the changes in organization To address the changes in the organization, the management will be required to communicate with all the stakeholders to inform them about the expected changes. A discussion should be introduced to allow all stakeholders provide their opinions concerning the new system of management. The employees should be prepared psychologically to allow them accept the new system of operation. This will help change their mindset so that they can easily adapt to the new system. This will help reduce conflicts as a result of rejection of the new system. In addition, the skills of the employees will have to be aligned with the new system of operation. For instance, employees will have to be trained on how to use the communication system so that they can acquire better skills (Kale, 2009). In addition, the employees will have to be trained on the technologies required to collect data from the customers and other stakeholders. Business partners with the company will have to be informed and involved in the transition process. As such, the ideas of the business partners will be of great importance because they will enable the management to improve on its operational systems. Suppliers to the company will have to be communicated about the new demand and needs of the company. Change in the products supplied will be essential because better materials will be required to improve the quality of pork manufactured. Communicating with suppliers will also improve the process of production. Materials required in the waste management process will be required (Kale, 2009). Issues relating to implementation of a successful e-CRM Successful implementation of CRM system will help reduce conflicts between Smithfield Foods Company and its customers. The company will be able too develop better strategies of improving customers’ satisfaction. Therefore, the level of customer loyalty will be high after implementing the CRM system. The system will also improve the corporate social responsibility of the company. By the use of the CRM, the management of the company will develop better strategies of improving the welfare of the communities where it operates (Shin, 2005). In addition, the company will have better strategies of dealing with waste emanating from the production and manufacturing process. The conflicts between the company and environmental activist groups will be eliminated because the company will easily communicate with the stakeholders to identify any necessary changes in the strategic management of the company. Therefore, the CRM system will improve the status of all stakeholders of the company, and this will help improve the profits, competitiveness and market position in the domestic and global markets (Kale, 2009). Management of CRM To manage the CRM system of the company in the long-term, the management will be required to develop a Research and Development (RD) team to carry out research about changes in consumer behavior. The team will monitor the system and any improvements will be done accordingly. It is important for the RD team to identify the best solutions to the challenges facing the company. The team should also predict the future expectations of consumer behavior. The management should work in collaboration with the RD team to develop appropriate strategies. In addition, the ideas from external and external stakeholders should be collected to ensure they are involved in the decision making process. The CRM system will have to be developed according to prevailing customer needs. Since customers are the final users of the products of the company, their opinions should be highly valued. Therefore, the company should have a good relationship with its customers so that they can provide the necessary information about developing the CRM system (Kale, 2009). List of References Asim, A. Mela, C. F. 2003, â€Å"E-Customization.† Journal of Marketing Research, 40 (2), 131–145. Bacon, D. , 2008, Illegal people: how globalization creates migration and criminalizes immigrants, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. Dyche, J. 2002, The CRM handbook: a business guide to customer relationship management, New York: Addison-Wesley Professional. Eugene W. A. Fornell, C. Mazvancheryl, S. K. 2004, â€Å"Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value.† Journal of Marketing, 68 (3), 172–185. Fainaru, S. 2009, Mexicans Blame Industrial Hog Farms, The Washington Post, May 10, 2009. Foss, B, Stone, M. 2002, CRM in financial services : a practical guide to making customer relationship management work, London: Kogan Page. Hennig, T. 2000, Relationship marketing: gaining competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and customer retention: with 24 tables, Berlin: Springer. Hirsch, J. A. Person, J. L. 2009, Commodity Traders Almanac 2010, New jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Kale, V. 2009, A guide to implementing Siebelcrm, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. National Labor R elations Board (eds), 2008, Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board, National Labor Relations Board (U.S.), 347. Owyang, J. 2010, Altimeter Report: The 18 Use Cases of Social CRM, The New Rules of Relationship Management. Web. Pope, C. L. Treacy, D. H. 2011, Corporate social responsibility report 2008/09. Web. Pride, W. M. Ferrell, O. C. 2008, Marketing Express, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Ruth, B., Kannan, P. K. Bramlett, M. D. 2000, â€Å"Implications of Loyalty Program Membership and Service Experiences for Customer Retention and Value.† Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28 (1), 95–108. Shimp, T. A. 2010, Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Shin, N. 2005, Strategies for generating e-business returns on investment, Hershey, PA: Idea Group. Smithfield Foods website. Squier, S. M. 2011, Poultry science, chicken culture: a partial alphabet, Ne w Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press. Sunil, M., Krishnan, M. S. Fornell, C. 2005, â€Å"Why Do Customer Relationship Management Applications Affect Customer Satisfaction?† Journal of Marketing, 69 (4) 201–209. Thomas, G. 2011, Animals, International Law, International Trade, and Morality, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.

The US Foreign Policy Respond to China's Rise in 2000-2010 Research Proposal

The US Foreign Policy Respond to China's Rise in 2000-2010 - Research Proposal Example America has been championing for the honoring of human rights and democracy. China’s one-party dictatorship has proved to the main problem affecting United States’ efforts to institute democratic principles in the country. China has engaged in human rights violations as well as suppression of political freedom. As a result, the United States policymakers have faced pressure to encourage the Chinese Leadership to show more respect for human frights a promote a freer political realm. However, China sees opposition leaders as being supported by the United States to cause disunity in China. The U.S foreign policy toward China moved from a containment policy at the height of the cold war to an engagement policy. In essence, the ideology of American foreign policy has long been based on two concepts of â€Å"Whiteman’s burden’ and â€Å"manifest destiny’. â€Å" Whiteman’s burden’ refers to American policy for world liberalization and the improvement of human condition. America has demanded the institutionalization o democratic principles and rule of law in China. â€Å"Manifest destiny† refers to the lack of mutual respect to international market forces. The United States sees China as a major rival in the world economy. America no longer views China as the most promising trade partner. In the year 2000, President Bush made it clear that China had become a rival and a competitor, the president further noted that China was no longer a constructive strategic partner. The United States has since emphasized on the need to have Jap an as an ally and downplay the contribution of China. Tensions between the United States and China emerged in April 2001 when EP-3 spy plane got involved in Hainan incident. The incidents could have led to military confrontation.The United States demand that Chinese leaders honor human rights and promote political freedom.  

Gender Differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Gender Differences - Essay Example The preparation and the aftermath of any of the above mentioned occurrences requires special planning and assistance. The research will show that due to our "classic conditioning", we are systematically excluding a segment of our population from participating in an all important undertaking. The literature will use the educational system to show how we view gender, and how this time honored perception skews the method and attitude of instruction and attention, in fostering a mere tolerance, and not an equal commitment to the presence of girls in the classroom. The fact that gender differences in the classroom is not viewed as a significant entity, is stunting the growth and denying the full potential of a majority of the school age population. Additionally, the literature will also address the gap and the absence of ethnic gender diversity considerations in the educational system. The system addresses this matter as if the low income minority female is present in the classroom, only to bide her time, until something else comes along. She receives little credit for her achievements and given only casual acknowledgment for her efforts. The literature sets out to highlight the existence of gender differences and whether the presence of these differences is fertile ground for bias. And whether the bias results in a disadvantage for any of the groups affected. Is it a fact that boys are educated differently from girls, and if so, does the advantage have a positive or negative impact on the achievement of the gender or race of those without the advantage. Are remedial measures necessary to assist in obtaining gender and ethnic equality The review clearly points out the existence of gaps in standardized test scores among various students classifications, for example, a Caucasian female student who has a high GPA will invariably score, on average, 30 points less than her Caucasian counterpart on the SAT. Even if the male has a lower GPA than the female, his scores will be higher than the female.This phenomenon is so pervasive until college admission officers have adopted a policy to make a 30 point allowance between male and female scores when making admission decisions. 2.0 CHAPTER TWO 2.1 GENDER IDENTITY Gender identity is the individuals private experience of his/her gender; the concept of the self as masculine or feminine. This is such an important part of a person's self concept that in most adults it is virtually impossible to change it. There are several different perspectives on how gender identity is formed and this writer finds the following concepts the most appropriate; psychoanalytical, social learning, and cognitive development.Psychoanalytical theory describes a process in which the young child identifies3 with the same sex parent. She internalizes the characteristics and behavior styles of that parent and begin unconsciously to react in similar ways; Social Learning theory suggests that the child develops a gender identity through a learning process that involves modeling, imitation and reinforcement. The theory rests on the assumption that boys learn to be boys and girls to be

Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson - Essay Example der with a discussion of primary sources and the means by which these primary sources represented the principles and actions of each of these former presidents. Firstly, with respect to an analysis of the primary documentation concerning Theodore Roosevelt, it is clear and apparent that even though this president believed in the American ideals of individual labor and capitalism, he was fundamentally opposed to the power that the â€Å"trusts† had created throughout the economy of America. Ultimately, Roosevelt and his fellow Progressives understood these trusts to be responsible for a reduction in the freedom and personal consumer choice that individual citizens were able to effect within the economy (The New Nationalism 1910). As such, Roosevelt came to be known as the â€Å"trust buster†; a term lovingly bestowed upon him by a press and a citizenry that was all to happy to see the power of these mega corporations shattered as they were split into smaller parts and/or forced to abide by new governmental standards of production/quality in the products they produced. The monopolizing power of these â€Å"trusts† was som ething the Bull Moose party was fundamentally opposed to and something that Theodore Roosevelt sought to reduce during the tenure of both of his terms as president. In terms of foreign policy, it was clear from an analysis of the primary documentation that Roosevelt was an internationalist; insomuch as he viewed the role of the United States as that of a world power that had a direct culpability to mediate foreign disturbances/disputes. As former Secretary of the Navy, this placed Theodore Roosevelt in a firm position to understand the dynamics and importance of a global sea power and the means by which the United States could continue to exhibit future strength by engaging with this determinant (The New Nationalism 1910). By means of contrast and comparison, Wilson was more eloquent, polished, and came across as more educated. Further, Wilson

The Relationship Between Individuals And Their Environment Social Work Essay

The Relationship Between Individuals And Their Environment Social Work Essay Health visiting is governed by four principles which are the search for health needs, the stimulation of awareness for health needs, raise awareness of health needs and the influence on policy affecting health (). Performing a holistic Health needs assessment is a fundamental part of health visiting. The assessment process is one of the principles set out in the standards of proficiency for Specialist Community Public Health Nurses (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2004). Wright (1998) explains assessment of health needs is not a process of relying on personal experience or listening to clients, but is a systematic method of recognising health needs that are unmet and making changes by encouraging clients to meet these unmet needs. Using a model or a framework is a systematic method of collecting information allowing a clear identification of problems or needs that need to be addressed. Such framework would also go on to guide the planning and implementation of interventions required to meet the priorities for individuals and families. The framework taken from system one, Child Individuals needs assessment was used to perform an assessment. System one is a computer system used in the authors practice area to record patient information. The Child individual needs assessment has been developed from the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH, 2000). This assessment framework supported the shift in policy from one that focused on abuse and significant harm to an assessment that adopted a broader view of childrens needs and wellbeing and identified impairment in terms of developmental need (Cowley, 2008). Consent has been gained to use the information. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) The Code (2008), and to protect confidentiality the names mentioned will remain anonymous. This case study focuses on a mother, Jody who is a single parent of three children. Due to the current demands on the Health Visiting team an antenatal contact visit had not been done. The Health Visiting team had been notified about the birth of baby Harrington and therefore this was a planned home birth visit at 14 days. Health visitors have core contacts they make with families as part of the Health Child Programme () and one them is an antenatal contact. This contact allows health visitors to establish a relationship with families and identify their need. Cowley (2008) states visiting clients in their homes allow health professionals to identify a families area of need and then target services appropriately for their need. However research has demonstrated an antenatal contact is useful to in helping health professionals to identify the risk and resilience factors and create a therapeutic relationship with the client which is necessary for the delivery of future services (Puura et al, 2002, Robert et al, 2002). Recommendations made recently suggest any preventative strategies need to be initiated in the antenatal period (Cowley, 2008). Coles et al () explains a starting point for assessing individuals needs is to analyse whether the need is normative which is defined by professionals, felt need which is defined by the client, expressed need when a felt need become a demand and comparative needs when comparing to others around them and fall short of the established standard. Wills (2007) explains it is important to consider that needs will be thought of differently depending on who is being consulted. The assessment covered Economic Wellbeing Observations which included residence and accommodation status as this can impact on a child. Jody living in a third floor council flat with three children, explained that she would like more space as the flat had two bedrooms with a living room she thought was not big enough. She explained the first bedroom was where she slept and would now have baby Harrington with her in the room. The second bedroom which was small, had a bunk bed and had no room to play in was shared by her eldest daughter Rosie, eleven years old and her younger daughter Ella four years old. The early life environment of a child shapes their life course and in turn can have an effect on their health status over a course of time (Wills, 2007). Housing is an environment where children spend most of their time in the first few years of life therefore require adequate space to live and sleep in. Good quality homes are important for the health and well-being of adults as well as children (). A childs development and wellbeing is shaped by factors such as family characteristics and the social, economic and physical environments in which they are raised. Poor housing environments and overcrowding can have significant impact on childrens physical and mental health as well as emotional and cognitive development (Marsh et al, 1999). The House of Commons () explains overcrowding as having too many people in one room or a room that is not an adequate size. Living in an overcrowded house has found to be linked with ill health costing the NHS approximately 600 million a year (House of Parliament, 2011). Research suggests that poor housing and overcrowding can have a physical impact on a childs healthy development leading to increased risk of asthma, respiratory distress, anxiety as well as lead to accident and injury. Adequate sleep, nutrition and exercise also contribute to a childs healthy physical functioning. Jody revealed she had visited the GP several times in the course of three months complaining that Ella had recurrent chest infections, and taken baby Harrington to the GP the day before as she felt he was having difficulty breathing. Jody went on to say that the bedrooms were showing signs of damp and she had reported this to the housing company and was yet to come out review this. Jody saw the need for mor e housing space as an expressed need as she wanted more living space for herself and children to play in. The housing report (2012) states the latest data found that the number of people living in overcrowded conditions continues to rise, as in 2009 2010 there were 630,000 in overcrowded housing which has risen to 655,000 in 2010 2011. The assessment revealed Jody had no extended family support as her family live in the south of England therefore are far to offer consistent support. Jody had moved to the area over eight months ago following the breakdown of her relationship. The father had left the family due to drinking habits and since the family had struggled to make ends meet. Jody is in receipt of benefits and has not made many friends in the area. Parents are an essential part of a childs development and require support to enable them to provide the right environment. Jody appears to be socially isolated, Armstrong (2002) articulates social isolation can occur when there is a lack of family and peer support. With the lack of this support Jody had it indicated that she had a risk of developing postnatal depression which can have detrimental effects on baby Harrington and her elder two daughters (Bee and Boyd, 2009). Honey, Bennett and Morga (2002) suggest research indicates postnatal depression can hinder a mothers ability to look after the child as well as affect the relationship between mother and child. This can cause problems in the childs emotional and cognitive development. Jody revealed since she had come home from the hospital she had a few teary moments but now felt fine, and also said she had postnatal depression following the birth of Ella. The author planned another visit which would be in a fortnight. This visit wo uld include an assessment of postnatal depression which is carried out at four to six weeks in the practice area. A tool called the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale would be used, which is a ten question self report questionnaire designed by Cox, Holden and sagovsky (1987). (ADD STRENGTHS/ WEAKNESSES OF TOOL?) Meredith and Noller (2003) proposed maternal depression increases the risk of difficult attachment with the infant, developmental, social problems and may lead to suicide. Baby Harrington being 14 days old was in the infancy stage of lifespan development. During infancy a baby will change physically more than any other stage of their life (Bee et al, 2009). Early childhood is consequently the most crucial and vulnerable period of brain development during lifespan. The start of Baby Harringtons life will lay the foundations of good health and well being for later years. Therefore what happens during pregnancy and the early years of life lays the foundations for future development of cognitive, language, physical, emotional, behavioural and social. Language and cognitive development is important during the first six months to three years of life. Sheridan (2008) proposes stimulation, warmth and positive parenting from parents during the early years is vital for the infant to gain maximum growth in the brain. The brain is increasingly sensitive to the influences of the external environment during early childhood. A child in an environment with increased s timulation will mean a child will learn and develop more. A child in an environment with less stimulating, emotionally and physically supportive, development of the brain is affected leading to cognitive, social and behavioural delays. High levels of stress during early childhood increases the risk of learning problems and stress related disease in to the adult years of life. The author found support to be a normative need for Jody, as a supported family environment is a fundamental component in raising a child. Jodys perception was that she was coping with the current situation and did not need support from family or friends as she felt she would be judged by them for not being a good parent to her children. Income was another factor identified through the assessment. The low income was a felt need for Jody as she said her parents were helping her financially. The author saw that having adequate income as a normative need in order to provide the children as well as Jody herself adequate healthy nutrition and a healthy future of well being. A newborn baby can increase expenditure on a family. This may cause Jody stress as it is an increase on feeding another child, Health in the UK is strongly associated with income and is a key determinant of health (Naidoo,). Naidoo () explains having a low income can affect children and adults health directly; this can be due to not having enough to eat or enough to buy a healthy diet. Research suggests obesity in low income families to be linked (). Jody does not drive therefore finds it difficult at times to access the larger supermarkets and is reliant on her local grocery store which can have limited choice and be more expensive. Mostyn et al (2011) suggest if money is an issue parents will feed children food they know they will be likely to eat to avoid wastage. Obesity in children can lead to health problems later in life such as heart disease and diabetes (). Living with a low income can also cause multiple stresses such as lead to parents worrying about their future well being of their children (). Children who live in families in poverty with a low income are also at an increased risk of lower academic achievement (). Jody revealed that she would start looking for employment in the area. Naidoo et al () states individuals who are unemployed are at a greater risk of ill health and mortality. Neumans systems model is a theory based on the importance of an individuals wellness in relation to stress and their reaction to these stressors. Neuman defines stressors as any condition or situation that cause an alteration in the individuals normal state of wellness. The stressors are determined by variables affecting the client system; physiological condition, developmental status, sociocultural influences, cognitive skills and spirituality. The model proposes a continuum of wellness to illness, with the focus on the individuals continuum being influenced by the interaction they may have with a variable and the stressors they encounter. Neuman identified environment that surrounds an individual at any given time can affect their well being. Environment and the individual Clients are influenced by environmental factors The role of the health professional is to focus on the stressors and keep the stressors and the stress response from having a detrimental effect on the individual. This is done through three levels of prevention. Firstly primary prevention is protecting client wellness through prevention and reducing the possibility of an encounter with a stressor as a reaction to the stressor has not yet occurred. This is done by strengthening the individuals line of defence. Secondary prevention is treating symptoms to stabilize the individuals system by strengthening the internal line of resistance reducing the reaction to the stressor. Tertiary prevention focuses on educating an individual to prevent a reoccurrence of an stress response to the stressor through strengthening resistance to these stressors. Jodys environment was a stressor for her as it was affecting her and her children as they did not have enough space to live in and the children did not have space to play. According to neumans model this will affect jodys stability and The absence of ill health and disease is not solely dependent on health. Robinson et al (1996) explains this as only one determinant of health. Health is the state of an individuals optimal well being (WHO,). There are wider determinants of health. Factors such housing, having a safe physical environment, lifestyle, health beliefs, cultural norms, education, socio economic factors employment, emotional and mental state of an individual affects health (). The author found the child assessment to be holistic. Assessing infant development holistically has never been so important (Cowley, 2008). Robinson (2010) purposes having this holistic approach of assessment allows an understanding of a child within the context of their family, community and culture in which they grow up in. Cowley et al () suggests that the framework should not be used as a checklist to assess needs. A needs assessment should include a client centred approach. The framework used for the holistic assessment did not consider the cultural beliefs of an individual or have space were their beliefs could be recorded. There were no prompts of what information was required if an individual had low income or housing that was not adequate. Apply neuman and weaknesses and strength of model! Marmot? http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/fm2011/fm88/fm88d.html

Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle Essay -- Geology

Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle Introduction Water is the lifeblood of every living creature on earth. Approximately 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. Thought the wonders of nature, water can take on many different forms, form the water we drink, to the ice we use to chill a glass of lemonade, to the water vapor used to steam clean equipment equipment. It is easy to understand the significance water plays in our lives, but it may be much more difficult ot understand the water that exists below the earth's surface, called groundwater. From the time the earth was formed, water have been endlessly circulating. This circulation is known as the hydrologic cycle. Groundwater is part of this continuous cycle as water evaporates, forms clouds and returns to earth as precipitation. The Hydrologic Cycle The hydrologic cycle begins with the water evaporation from the earth's soil, plant and water surfaces to form water vapor. The energy required to evaporate water is supplied by the sun. The vast majority of evaporation occurs from the oceans. It is estimated that 39 inches of water annually evaporate from each acre of ocean. Water vapor is drawn into the atmosphere by temperature gradients and can be transported over hundreds of miles by large air masses. When water vapor cools, it condenses to form clouds. As water condenses within clouds, water droplets increase in size until they fall to the earth's surface as precipitation such as rainfall, hail, sleet or snow. Approximately 70-90 percent of the water that falls to the earth's surface enters the soil. This water can become groundwater but most of it evaporates or is used by vegetation. Water that passes though the root zone ... ...ment levels (Florida Aquifer). Florida's growing population, now fourth in the nation, is placing a heavy demand on the state's water supply. The addition of 6,000 new residents each week has increased the use of water for direct human needs to more than 60 million gallons per day. Florida rainfall averages 54 inches per year, or nearly 150 billion gallons of water a day. Unfortunately, an estimated 110 billion gallons is lost to evaporation and plant life consumption. The southern 50 percent of Florida receives only 44 percent of the state's natural water supply, yet is home to 78 percent of the population and accounts for 75 percent of the state's total water use (Groundwater Withdraw). The largest consumer of water is the agriculture industry, using 42 percent. Homes, offices and hotels consume 11 percent. The rest is consumed by other industries.